Evaluating the price of an antique book can be an intimidating process because there are so many variables involved. The condition of a book, its binding style and what print edition it is are three factors that determine the value of an antique book. How common the book is and how popular the author is will also affect the price.
The Edition
A first edition, limited edition or a print run with an error can add value to a book. However, a book in its first edition does not always mean it is worth more money. First editions are difficult to identify, because not all publishing houses identify their first editions. There is no standard method for publishing houses to indicate a first edition. Typical wording to annotate a first printing will be on the copyright page of the book and read "first edition," " first printing," or "first published." Number lines became common in the 1940's. This is a series of numbers that start with 9 and run lower. The last number indicates the edition. A series that reads '9 8 7 6 5 4 3' is a third edition. In the general terms, if the number '1' is present, then the book is a first edition.
Condition of the Book
There are standards that describe the condition of the book. "Very fine" means the copy has no flaws. It is in perfect condition and has never been read. "Fine" indicates a book without defects, but not in pristine condition. It was probably read and may have minute damage from use, such as a nicked corner or a rubbed spine. A "very good" copy has more than one defect, such as a small tear in the paper or a corner that is bent. A book in good condition will have obvious damage. It will still read well, but the spine might have creases and other damage from use. "Poor" or "fair" condition indicates serious damage. The book may be soiled, have loose pages, a broken spine or markings.
If the book is missing its dust jacket or the dust jacket is damaged, its value is reduced. A set of books must have all the volumes. Missing volumes will lower the worth of the set. Books published for a book club use a lower grade of paper and a cheaper binding method, lowering their value. Former library use, or 'exlibris,' will lower the worth of a book. Exlibris books will have binding covers, ownership markings and security tags that permanently mark the book. Books that have the original archival papers interleaved increase in value. Archival papers were used in older books to protect the color plates. Books that are signed by the author have a higher value.
The Binding Artifacts
How the book is put together and presented can change the value of a book. Raised lettering, artwork, leather bindings and fore edge paintings can increase the value of the book. Some books have value because they contain original photographs or handwritten notes in the margins by the author.
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